You will be able to illustrate and contrast the different structural components and composition of the earth right from its inner core to the outer surface. The inner structure of the earth is described by the authors on the basis of systematic processing and evaluation of the traditional and newer theories and conceptions. Earth and of the earths internal structure are also emphasized because the. Understanding the basic structure of earth is very important to learn higher concepts well. It is solid and made up of iron and nickel with temperatures of up to 5500c. Have the students return to the classroom and drawwrite the layers of the earth and howwhy they were represented as such. It is more accurate to think of the suns boundary as extending far out into the solar system, well beyond earth. Jun 04, 2017 the earths internal layered structure and compositionthe earths internal layered structure and composition mantle 2885 km thick composition. According to radiometric dating and other evidence, earth formed over 4.
Earth structure, materials, systems, and cycles objectives since this course is about how earth processes can adversely affect us as human beings, we need to first discuss some of the basic principles of the science of earth that is geology. They are solid bodies developed out of materials same as, or similar to, our planet. Each of these layers can be further divided into two parts. Mosegaard d a institute of geochemistry and petrology, swiss federal institute of technology, zurich, switzerland b school of earth and space exploration, arizona state university, tempe, usa. Recent evidence concerning the structure and composition of the earths mantle, phys. Evidence on the structure and composition of the earth s interior comes from 1 observations of surface rocks, 2 geophysical data from earthquakes, flow of heat from the interior, the magnetic field, and gravity, 3 laboratory ex periments on surface rocks and minerals, and 4 compari. Composition and internal structure of earth source. Inner core, outer core, asthenosphere, lithosphere, mantle. The outermost rock layer, divided into continental and oceanic crust. Evidence for internal earth structure and composition. His evidence was based on several distributional coincidences. How much do you know about earth layers and density.
Have them face outward and slowly walk around the rest of the earth. The exact nature of the core specific composition, size, liquid or solid is still debated. The crust of the earth is broken into many pieces called plates. The inner core is in the centre and is the hottest part of the earth. They are made up of different layers of rocks, with their densities increasing towards center of the earth. The internal structure of earth is layered in spherical shells. The inner core is under such extreme pressure that it remains solid. Earth s outer layer lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over many millions of years. It is the outermost solid and brittle part of the earth. In studying the structure of the sun, solar physicists divide it into four domains. Introduction and origin of the earth tulane university.
This is because most of the mass of the earth occurs within the mantle which is composed largely of the ferromagnesium silicate minerals olivine and pyroxenes. In his study, aitta 2012 proposed an internal structure of venus assuming that the variation of density with pressure is identical in venus mantle and in the earths one therefore, composition. The activity is on page 5253 of the revised august, 2000 edition of tremor. The center of the earth earth layers the earth is divided into four main layers. The core is the inner part of the earth, the crust is the outer part and between them is the mantle. Evidence for internal earth structure and composition seismic waves when an earthquake occurs the seismic waves p and s waves spread out in all directions through the earth s interior. Core, mantle, and crust are divisions based on composition. Discussion will include and illustrate earths crust continental and oceanic. The objectives here will be to gain an understanding of.
One might think that the composition of earth can be easily inferred. The moon is believed to possess a rather small ferich core that is. Wegener put together the first comprehensive theory of continental drift. This gives most important evidences of interior of earth. The lunar moho and the internal structure of the moon. Discussion will include and illustrate earth s crust continental and oceanic. The composition of earth the earth is divided into several layers with different composition and physical properties. Plate tectonics provide a framework for interpreting the composition, structure and internal processes of earth on a global scale. Interior structure of the earth we have already seen how we can combine data with our knowledge of the basic parameters of the earth to determine that the earth is a stratified planet, that means, that the density of the earth increases as we go down to greater depths in the earth.
Pdf venus internal structure, temperature and core composition. The structure of the earth earthquakes discovering. The inner core is a giant furnace at superhigh temperatures and pressures. Pdf venus internal structure, temperature and core. The layers of the atmosphere are from outside to inside.
The earth is composed of three internal, concentric layers of increasing densities. Both layers of the core are made of iron and nickel. Earths gravity interacts with other objects in space, especially the sun and the moon, which is earths only natural satellite. The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood.
If you look at the outside of the planet, you can see that about 65% of the planet is covered by oceans of water. This composition is assumed based upon calculations of its density and upon the fact that many meteorites which are thought to be portions of the interior of a planetary body are ironnickel alloys. The lithosphere is made up of rigid lithospheric plates floating over the underlying plastic. Wave energy moving into the interior, however, has its path slowly changed by refraction as the wave moves through regions of slowly changing properties. Seismic velocities depend on the material properties such as composition, mineral phase and packing structure, temperature, and pressure of the media through which seismic waves pass. Internal structure of the earth linkedin slideshare.
Science earth sciences curricular competencies elaborations grade 11 planning and conducting. Review article the lunar moho and the internal structure of the moon. Lets dig into these layers and find out what they are made of. The interior structure of the earth layers of the earth. Each layer with its own unique physical properties. These waves contain vital information about the internal structure of the earth. Earth is the third planet from the sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. Radial structure, chemical composition, and phase transformations inferring earths composition is a prerequisite to understanding its evolution and dynamics as well as those of planets like it. Scientific understanding of the internal structure of the earth is based on observations of topography and bathymetry, observations of rock in outcrop, samples brought to the surface from greater depths by volcanoes or volcanic activity, analysis of the seismic waves that pass through the earth, measurements of the gravitational and magnetic. Composition by shepherd incorporated manufacturing by courier, westford editor. Internal structure 3 like earth, the moon is a differentiated body. Finally have the lithospherecrust students form a circle around the entire earth. Structure and composition of the earth rashids blog. The core is composed mostly of iron fe and is so hot that the outer core is molten, with about 10% sulphur s.
Evidence for internal earth structure and composition seismic waves. That is, densities of rocks that make up the earth increase as you move from the surface towards the interior. The flowing metal of the outer core helps create a dynamo effect. Seismic waves travel more quickly through denser materials and therefore generally. The earth has a radius of about 6371 km, although it is about 22 km larger at equator than at poles. Density, massvolume, temperature, and pressure increase with depth. We shall look into the details of earthquake laters on. The crust makes up less than 1 percent of earth by mass, consisting of oceanic crust and continental crust is often more felsic rock. Among the three layers of the internal structure of the earth which is the most dense layer. If you use vim, the pdftk plugin is a good way to explore the document in an eversoslightly less raw form, and the pdftk utility itself and its gpl source is a great way to tease documents apart.
In his study, aitta 2012 proposed an internal structure of venus assuming that the variation of density with pressure is identical in venus mantle and in the earth s one therefore, composition. Earth is the densest planet in the solar system and the largest and most massive of the four rocky planets. Evidence on the structure and composition of the earths interior comes from 1 observations of surface rocks, 2 geophysical data from earthquakes, flow of. The earths internal layered structure and compositionthe earths internal layered structure and composition mantle 2885 km thick composition. Lets build the earth the structure of the earths crust. It is very thin compared to the other three layers.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. How many main layers is the internal structure of the earth made of. Scientific understanding of the internal structure of earth is based on observations of topography and bathymetry, observations of rock in outcrop, samples brought to the. However, the exact nature of the interior structure of the moon is still debated. The rest of the 35% of the surface is made up of the continents. Science earth sciences 11 elaborations british columbia. The internal structure of the earth the crust the crust makes up only 0.
Crust, mantle and core list and briefly describe earth s internal composition. Estimating the composition of the earth requires derivation of the core and silicate earth crust plus mantle composition. The mantle is hot and represents about 68 percent of earth s mass. Inner core outer core mantle crust the crust the earths crust is like the skin of an apple. The material and the structure observed in the meteors are similar to that of the earth. Also, the origin of many phenomena like earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunami etc are linked with the structure of earths interior. Section 1 the geosphere 59 objectives describe the composition and structure of the earth.
This part of the atmosphere continually circulates, so that the principal atmospheric gases are well mixed. The structure of the earth the earth is made up of four distinct layers. Temperature, density, and viscosity ability to flow. The earth is an oblate spheroid, flattened at the poles and bulging at equator. These layers are crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. There is a liquid outer core and a solid inner core. Core, mantle, crust from an earthquake near the surface, both pressure compression waves and transverse side. A number of papers provide an estimate of the composition of the primitive mantle or silicate earth, which are based on samples of the mantle and meteorites and these show good. The composition and structure of earth physical geography. Earths layers are made of different mixtures of elements. The mantle is much hotter and has the ability to flow. Make and record observations of a variety of earth materials based on their chemical and physical differences e. The three main layers are the core, the mantle and the crust.
As seismic waves pass through the earth, they are refracted, or bent, like rays of light bend when they pass though a glass prism. Earth cannot have a homogeneous composition conclude that earth must have a layered internal structure determining earths layered interior a threedimensional earth science investigation for middle and high school students during this ngssaligned activity, the. The earth rotates in an anti clockwise direction about an axis tilted over at 23. Crust, mantle and core list and briefly describe earths internal composition. Seismic waves from large earthquakes pass throughout the earth. Rock samples originate from depths not exceeding 9 km. Earth s core is thought to be composed mainly of an iron and nickel alloy. In this article geography section, we discuss the interior of the earth. Just as the atmosphere has layers, the upper layers of the earth have layers. Breaking apart the structure the structure of the planet is fairly simple to understand. Vertical structure of composition 80km up to 500km heterosphere homosphere dominated by lighter gases with increasing altitude, such as hydrogen and helium. The continental crust is 2590 km thick and is mostly granite and andesite. The outer core and inner core are even hotter with pressures so great you would be squeezed into a ball smaller than a marble if you were able to go to the center of.
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